LOVE STORY

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(Taylor Swift)

We were both young when I first saw you
I close my eyes
And the flashback starts
I'm standing there
On a balcony in summer air

See the lights
See the party, the ball gowns
I see you make your way through the crowd
And say hello, little did I know

That you were Romeo, you were throwing pebbles
And my daddy said stay away from Juliet
And I was crying on the staircase
Begging you please don't go, and I said

Romeo take me somewhere we can be alone
I'll be waiting all there's left to do is run
You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess
It's a love story baby just say yes

So I sneak out to the garden to see you
We keep quiet 'cause we're dead if they knew
So close your eyes
Escape this town for a little while

'Cause you were Romeo, I was a scarlet letter
And my daddy said stay away from Juliet
But you were everything to me
I was begging you please don't go and I said

Romeo take me somewhere we can be alone
I'll be waiting all there's left to do is run
You'll be the prince and I'll be the princess
It's a love story baby just say yes

Romeo save me, they try to tell me how to feel
This love is difficult, but it's real
Don't be afraid, we'll make it out of this mess
It's a love story baby just say yes
Oh oh

I got tired of waiting
Wondering if you were ever coming around
My faith in you is fading
When I met you on the outskirts of town, and I said

Romeo save me I've been feeling so alone
I keep waiting for you but you never come
Is this in my head? I don't know what to think
He knelt to the ground and pulled out a ring

And said, marry me Juliet
You'll never have to be alone
I love you and that's all I really know
I talked to your dad, go pick out a white dress
It's a love story baby just say yes

Oh, oh, oh, oh
'Cause we were both young when I first saw you

Active and Passive Verb

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  • The subject of an active sentence performs the action of the verb: "I throw the ball."

  • The subject of a passive sentence is still the main character of the sentence, but something else performs the action: "The ball is thrown by me."

1. How to Recognize Active and Passive Sentences

  1. Find the subject (the main character of the sentence).
  2. Find the main verb (the action that the sentence identifies).
  3. Examine the relationship between the subject and main verb.
    • Does the subject perform the action of the main verb? (If so, the sentence is active.)
    • Does the subject sit there while something else -- named or unnamed -- performs an action on it? (If so, the sentence is passive.)
    • Can't tell? If the main verb is a linking verb ("is," "was," "are," "seems (to be)," "becomes" etc.), then the verb functions like an equals sign; there is no action involved -- it merely describes a state of being.

2. Basic Examples

I love you.
  1. subject: "I"
  2. action: "loving"
  3. relationship: The subject ("I") is the one performing the action ("loving").

The sentence is active.
You are loved by me.
  1. subject: "you"
  2. action: "loving"
  3. relationship: The subject ("You") sits passively while the action ("loving") is performed by somebody else ("me").

This sentence is passive.

3. Difference between Passive Voice and Past Tense

Many people confuse the passive voice with the past tense. The most common passive constructions also happen to be past tense (e.g. "I've been framed"), but "voice" has to do with who, while "tense" has to do with when.


Active Voice Passive Voice
Past Tense I taught; I learned. I was (have been) taught [by someone];
It was (has been) learned [by someone].
Present Tense I teach; I learn. I am [being] taught [by someone];
It is [being] learned [by someone].
Future Tense I will teach; I will learn. I will be taught [by someone];
It will be learned [by someone].

4. Imperatives: Active Commands

A command (or "imperative") is a kind of active sentence, in which "you" (the one being addressed) are being ordered to perform the action. (If you refuse to obey, the sentence is still active.)

  • Get to work on time.
  • Insert tab A into slot B.
  • Take me to your leader.
  • Ladies and gentlement, let us consider, for a moment, the effect of the rafting sequences on our understanding of the rest of the novel.

5. Sloppy Passive Constructions

Because passive sentences do not need to identify the performer of an action, they can lead to sloppy or misleading statements (especially in technical writing). Compare how clear and direct these passive sentences become, when they are rephrased as imperative sentences

To drain the tank, the grill should be removed, or the storage compartment can be flooded.

Because they do not specify the actors, the passive verbs ("should be removed" and "can be flooded") contribute to the confusing structure of this sentence.

Does the sentence

1) offer two different ways to drain the tank ("you may either remove the grill or flood the compartment")?

...or does it

2) warn of an undesirable causal result ("if you drain the tank without removing the grill, the result will be that the storage compartment is flooded")?

Revision 1:

Drain the tank in one of the following ways:

  • remove the grill
  • flood the storage compartment
Revision 2:

1) Remove the grill.
2) Drain the tank.

Warning: If you fail to remove the grill first, you may flood the storage compartment (which is where you are standing right now).

6. Linking Verb: Neither Active nor Passive

When the verb performs the function of an equals sign, the verb is said to be a linking verb. Linking verbs describe no action -- they merely state an existing condition or relationship; hence, they are neither passive nor active.

Subject

=

 Description
The door is blue.
The door was closed.
This could be the first day of the rest of my life.
She might have been very nice.

7. The Passive Voice Is not Wrong

Passive verbs are not automatically wrong. When used rarely and deliberately, the passive voice serves an important purpose.
  • When you wish to downplay the action:

    Mistakes will be made, and lives will be lost; the sad truth is learned anew by each generation.

  • When you wish to downplay the actor:

    • Three grams of reagent 'A' were added to a beaker of 10% saline solution.

    (In the scientific world, the actions of a researcher are ideally not supposed to affect the outcome of an experiment; the experiment is supposed to be the same no matter who carries it out. I will leave it to you and your chemistry professor to figure out whether that's actually true, but in the meantime, don't use excessive passive verbs simply to avoid using "I" in a science paper.)

  • When the actor is unknown:

    The victim was approached from behind and hit over the head with a salami.

8. Tricky Examples

Punctuality seems important.
  1. subject: the phrase "punctuality"
  2. action: "being" ("seems" is short for "seems to be")
  3. relationship: The subject does nothing at all; the verb "is" functions as an equals sign: "punctuality = important".

This sentence describes a state of being (neither active nor passive).

(If you replace the single word "punctuality" with the phrase "Getting to work on time" or "The sum total of the knowledge of tribes of prehistoric America collected by amateur archeologists during the latter half of the nineteenth century," the grammar of the sentence does not change.)
Remember to brush your teeth.
  1. subject: (You) This is an order; the subject is the person being ordered.
  2. action: "remember" (not "brushing")
  3. relationship: The subject is supposed to do the remembering. Whether the subject actually obeys the command is irrelevant to the grammar of the sentence.

This sentence gives an order. Active.

(It may be grammatically possible to give an order with a passive verb, such as a Shakespearean curse like "Be damned!" But most commands you encounter will be active.)

ACQUISITION OF CAPITAL

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A corporation needs capital in order to start up, operate, and expands its business. The process of acquiring this capital is known as financing. A corporation uses two basic types of financing and debt financing. Equity financing refers to funds that are invested by owners of the corporation. Debt financing, on the other hand, refers to funds that borrowed from sources outside the corporation.
Equity financing (obtaining owners funds) can be exemplified by the sale of corporate stock. In this type of transaction, the corporation sells units of ownership known as share of stock. Each share entitles the purchaser to a certain amount of ownership. For example, if someone buys 100 shares of stock from Ford Motor Company, that person has purchased 100 shares worth of Ford’s resources, materials, plants, production, and profits. The person who purchases shares of stock is known as a stockholder or shareholder.

All corporations, regardless of their size, receive their starting capital from issuing and selling shares of stock. The initial sales involve some risk on the part of the buyers because the corporation has no record of performance. If the corporation is successful, the stockholder may profit through increased valuation of the shares of stock, as well as by receiving dividends. Dividends are proportional amounts of profit usually paid quarterly to stockholders. However, if the corporation is not successful, the stockholder may take a severe loss on the initial stock investment.
Often equity financing does not provide the corporation with enough capital and it must turn to debt financing, or borrowing funds. One example of debt financing is the sale of corporate bonds. In this type of agreement, the corporation borrows money from an investor in return for a bond. The bond has a maturity date, a deadline when the corporation must repay all of the money it has borrowed. The corporation must also make periodic interest payments to the bondholder during the time the money is borrowed. If these obligations are not met, the corporation can be forced to sell its assets in order to make payments to the bondholders.
All businesses need financial support. Equity financing (as in the sale of stock) and debt financing (as in the sale of bonds) provide important means by which a corporation may obtain its capital.

Terjemahan :

PENGUASAAN MODAL
Sebuah perusahaan membutuhkan modal untuk memulai, menjalankan, dan mengembangkan bisnisnya. Proses penguasaan modal ini dikenal sebagai perolehan dana. Perusahaan menggunakan 2 tipe dasar perolehan dana : perolehan dari dana sendiri dan perolehan dana dari berhutang. Perolehan dari dana sendiri maksudnya dana diinvestasikan oleh pmilik perusahaan. Perolehan dana dari berhutang, sebaliknya, maksudnya dana pinjaman dari sumber diluar perusahaan.
Perolehan dari dana sendiri (perolehan dana dari pemilik) dapat diberikan contoh dengan menjual saham perusahaan. Pada jenis ini, perusahaan menjual unit-unit kepemilikan yang disebut saham. Setiap bagian memberi hak kepada pemilik untuk sejumlah tertentu kepemilikan. Sebagai contoh, jika seseorang membeli 100 bagian saham dari ford motor company bahwa seseorang membeli 100 bagian nilai kekayaan ford, lahan, pabrik, produksi dan keuntungan. Seseorang yang membeli saham disebut sebagi pemegang saham.
Semua perusahaan, tidak pandang besar kecilnya, menerima modal awal mereka dari pengeluaran dan penjualan saham. Penjualan permulaan melibatkan beberapa resiko bagian dari pembeli karena perusahaan tidak mempunyai catatan kinerja. Jika perusahaan sukses, pemegang saham dapat memperoleh keuntungan yang proporsional, biasanya dibayar 3 bulan kepada pemegang saham. Bagaimanapun, jika perusahaan tidak sukses, pemegang saham dapat mengalami kerugian besar dari penerima investasi.
Seringkali perolehan dari dana sendiri tidak disediakan perusahaan dengan cukup modal dan perusahaan harus beralih ke perolehan dana dari berhutang, atau meminjam dana. Satu contoh dari perolehan dana dari berhutang adalah menjual saham surat tanda berhutang, ini adalah jenis perjanjian, perusahaan meminjam uang dari seorang investor sebagai pengganti sebuah surat tanda berhutang mempunyai tanggal jatuh tempo, batas akhir ketika perusahaan harus membayar kembali semua uang yang dipinjam. Perusahaan harus juga melakukan pembayaran bunga berkala ke pemegang surat tanda berhutang selama waktu uang itu di pinjam. Jika kewajiban ini tidak terpenuhi, perusahaan dapat dipaksa untuk menjual asset untuk membayar kepada pemegang surat tanda berhutang.
Semua usaha membutuhkan dukungan dana. Perolehan dari dana sendiri (seperti menjual saham) dan perolehan dana dari berhutang (seperti menjual surat tanda berhutang) memberikan jalan yang penting dengan mana sebuah perusahaan mungkin mendapatkan modal itu.



sumber: http://stillnewbie.wordpress.com/2010/01/01/bahasa-inggris-bisnis-4/

Conditional Sentence

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Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences.

Conditional Sentence Type 1

→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

more on Conditional Sentences Type I ►

Conditional Sentence Type 2

→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

more on Conditional Sentences Type II ►

Conditional Sentence Type 3

→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

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